Assalamualaikum wr.wb

to be
kalo simple present/sekarang ini: is am are
past tense: was dan were
klo perfect pake been semuanya..

Pak Fay wrote:

to be
kalo simple present/sekarang ini: is am are
past tense: was dan were
klo perfect pake been semuanya..

bentar-bentar tak pelajari sek kalo "shall" hanya boleh di gunakan sama "i" dan"we" ya, itu di gunakan kapan? dan untuk menjelaskan apa? di sertai contoh kalimat? he he I LOVE THIS FORUM

tiga ciduk wrote:

Pak Fay wrote:

to be
kalo simple present/sekarang ini: is am are
past tense: was dan were
klo perfect pake been semuanya..

bentar-bentar tak pelajari sek kalo "shall" hanya boleh di gunakan sama "i" dan"we" ya, itu di gunakan kapan? dan untuk menjelaskan apa? di sertai contoh kalimat? he he I LOVE THIS FORUM

yang aku tau secara umum shall itu hanya untuk I dan We. ini penggunaan untuk bahasa inggris kuno dan middle English. kalo modern English kadang2 dipake untuk fungsi tertentu tapi orang lebih suka pake Will untuk semua subyek
untuk lebih lanjut klik aja
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shall_and_will

When Should We Use "Shall" and "Will"?


Traditionally, shall is used for the future tense with the first-person pronouns I and We: I shall, we shall. Will is used with the first-person (again, I refer to traditional usage) only when we wish to express determination. The opposite is true for the second-person (you) and third-person (he, she, it, they) pronouns: Will is used in the future tense, and shall is used only when we wish to express determination or to emphasize certainty.

Although this is the traditional distinction between shall and will, many linguists and grammarians have challenged this rule, and it is often not observed, even in formal writing. Personally, I still try to remember to follow it, even though the use of shall seems to be declining.

Here are some examples, applying the traditional rule.


First-person pronouns:

> I shall attend the meeting. (Simple future tense)

> I will attend the meeting. (Simple future tense but with an added sense of certainty or determination)

> Regardless of the weather, we shall go to the city. (Simple future tense)

> Regardless of the weather, we will go to the city. (Simple future tense but with an added sense of certainty or determination)

Second-person pronoun:

> You will receive a refund. (Simple future tense)

> You shall receive a refund. (Simple future tense but with an added sense of certainty or determination)



Third-person pronoun:

> It will be done on time. (Simple future tense)

> It shall be done on time. (Simple future tense but with an added sense of certainty or determination)


I believe that will is usually the better choice with second- and third-person pronouns. If we wish to express certainty or determination, we do not need to use shall but can provide emphasis by using an adverb, such as certainly or definitely. However, I believe that the distinction between shall and will that I mention above is useful with first-person pronouns.

Shall

"Shall" is used to indicate future action. It is most commonly used in sentences with "I" or "we," and is often found in suggestions, such as "Shall we go?" "Shall" is also frequently used in promises or voluntary actions. In formal English, the use of "shall" to describe future events often expresses inevitability or predestination. "Shall" is much more commonly heard in British English than in American English; Americans prefer to use other forms, although they do sometimes use "shall" in suggestions or formalized language.

Examples:

* Shall I help you? suggestion
* I shall never forget where I came from. promise
* He shall become our next king. predestination
* I'm afraid Mr. Smith shall become our new director. inevitability

More Examples of "Shall"
Modal Use Positive Forms Negative Forms You can
also use:
shall
future action

(British form)
I shall be replaced by someone from the New York office.

I shall be there by 8:00.
I shall not be replaced after all.

I shall not be there. I have a previous obligation.
will
shall
suggestions Shall we begin dinner?

Shall we move into the living room?



should
shall
volunteering,
promising

(British form)
I shall take care of everything for you.

I shall make the travel arrangements. There's no need to worry.
I shall never forget you.

I shall never give up the fight for freedom.
will
shall
inevitability

(British form)
Man shall explore the distant regions of the universe.

We shall overcome oppression.
Man shall never give up the exploration of the universe.

He shall not be held back.

tiga ciduk wrote:

waduh im still mumet kie

mumete dimana
pokoke shalll itu untuk I dan We
kalo will untuk semua subyek. gampang to?

Pak Fay wrote:

tiga ciduk wrote:

waduh im still mumet kie

mumete dimana
pokoke shalll itu untuk I dan We
kalo will untuk semua subyek. gampang to?

yang aku tau secara umum shall itu hanya untuk I dan We. ini penggunaan untuk bahasa inggris kuno dan middle English. kalo modern English kadang2 dipake untuk fungsi tertentu tapi orang lebih suka pake Will untuk semua subyek
untuk lebih lanjut klik aja
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shall_and_will

memang perlu banyak contoh dan latihan mas ciduk. yen sinau konsep aja pusing 7 keliling jadinya

Pak Fay wrote:

memang perlu banyak contoh dan latihan mas ciduk. yen sinau konsep aja pusing 7 keliling jadinya

latihan gimana ya, conversation tanpa grammar, jadinya ya pincang mas

tiga ciduk wrote:

Pak Fay wrote:

memang perlu banyak contoh dan latihan mas ciduk. yen sinau konsep aja pusing 7 keliling jadinya

latihan gimana ya, conversation tanpa grammar, jadinya ya pincang mas

ya benar. la api'e piye iki

Pak Fay wrote:

tiga ciduk wrote:

Pak Fay wrote:

memang perlu banyak contoh dan latihan mas ciduk. yen sinau konsep aja pusing 7 keliling jadinya

latihan gimana ya, conversation tanpa grammar, jadinya ya pincang mas

ya benar. la api'e piye iki

walopun pincang tapi tetep bisa jalan dan sampai tujuan to? kecuali kalo kita mau jadi guru atau dosen bahasa inggris

has kok bisa jadi had ya, sebab nya kenapa?

tiga ciduk wrote:

has kok bisa jadi had ya, sebab nya kenapa?

karena dari bentuk simple present jadi past tense. karena ingin menceritakan kejadian di masa lampau.
selain itu bahasa itu arbitrer/manasuka dari dulu orang inggris yang begitu sukanya. emang perlu dinasehati mungkin..

tiga ciduk wrote:

okie dokie, terus opo meneh ya. anu "certain" itu kan artinya pasti m pakenya kapan terus pada kalimat seperti apa?

Penjelasan dari certain di Web dalam bahasa Inggris:

* certain(a): definite but not specified or identified; "set aside a certain sum each week"; "to a certain degree"; "certain breeds do not make good ...
* certain(p): having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured; "felt certain of success"; "was sure (or certain) she had seen it"; "was very sure in his beliefs"; "sure of her friends"
* sealed: established irrevocably; "his fate is sealed"
* reliable in operation or effect; "a quick and certain remedy"; "a sure way to distinguish the two"; "wood dust is a sure sign of termites"
* exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance; "be certain to disconnect the iron when you are through"; "be sure to lock the doors"
wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn

* Certainty can be defined as either (a) perfect knowledge that has total security from error, or (b) the mental state of being without doubt. ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certain

* Sure, positive, not doubting; Having been determined but unspecified. The quality of some particular subject or object which is known by the speaker to have been specifically singled out among similar entities of its class
en.wiktionary.org/wiki/certain

* certainty - the state of being certain; "his certainty reassured the others"
wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn

* certainly - surely: definitely or positively (`sure' is sometimes used informally for `surely'); "the results are surely encouraging"; "she certainly is a ...
wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn

* certainly - Without doubt; Of course; Surely; An emphatic affirmative answer
en.wiktionary.org/wiki/certainly

* certainty - A decision-making condition under which the manager has enough information to know the exact outcome of the decision prior to making it. ...
www-agecon.ag.ohio-state.edu/class/AEDE601/glossary/glossc.htm

* certainty - The degree to which we are sure that some result is significant; that is, not due to chance. The point of much statistical analysis is to separate ...
www.umass.edu/wsp/statistics/glossary/ce.html

* certainty - the limitations of encyclopedic knowledge; a lack of confidence in positive motives for human conduct or positive outcomes for human enterprises, that is, cynicism and pessimism (Keeton, 1962).
uncyclopedia.wikia.com/wiki/Skepticism

* certainty - in mediation, the parties are in control of their own destinies and any agreement reached has contractual force which can be enforced by the courts.
www.mediatehelp.co.uk/glossary/

CERTAIN itu kata sifat .artinya 'pasti"
Adjective

* S: (adj) certain (definite but not specified or identified) "set aside a certain sum each week"; "to a certain degree"; "certain breeds do not make good pets"; "certain members have not paid their dues"; "a certain popular teacher"; "a certain Mrs. Jones"
* S: (adj) certain, sure (having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured) "felt certain of success"; "was sure (or certain) she had seen it"; "was very sure in his beliefs"; "sure of her friends"
* S: (adj) certain (established beyond doubt or question; definitely known) "what is certain is that every effect must have a cause"; "it is certain that they were on the bus"; "his fate is certain"; "the date for the invasion is certain"
* S: (adj) certain, sure (certain to occur; destined or inevitable) "he was certain to fail"; "his fate is certain"; "In this life nothing is certain but death and taxes"- Benjamin Franklin; "he faced certain death"; "sudden but sure regret"; "he is sure to win"
* S: (adj) sealed, certain (established irrevocably) "his fate is sealed"
* S: (adj) certain, sure (reliable in operation or effect) "a quick and certain remedy"; "a sure way to distinguish the two"; "wood dust is a sure sign of termites"
* S: (adj) certain, sure (exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance) "be certain to disconnect the iron when you are through"; "be sure to lock the doors"

yang justru menarik kalo CERTAIN dari kata sifat berubah jadi kata benda
bisa jadi CERTAINTY artinya KEPASTIAN
cer·tain·ty (sûrtn-t)
n. pl. cer·tain·ties
1. The fact, quality, or state of being certain: the certainty of death.
2. Something that is clearly established or assured: "On the field of battle there are no certainties" (Tom Clancy).
Synonyms: certainty, certitude, assurance, conviction
These nouns mean freedom from doubt. Certainty implies a thorough consideration of evidence: "the emphasis of a certainty that is not impaired by any shade of doubt" (Mark Twain).
Certitude is based more on personal belief than on objective facts: "Certitude is not the test of certainty" (Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.)
Assurance is a feeling of confidence resulting from subjective experience: "There is no such thing as absolute certainty, but there is assurance sufficient for the purposes of human life" (John Stuart Mill).
Conviction arises from the vanquishing of doubt: "His religion . . . was substantial and concrete, made up of good, hard convictions and opinions. (Willa Cather).

trus kalo dirubah jadi adverb/kata keterangan jadinya CERTAINLY
ARTINYA
Pasti

Kamus
adverbia

1. pasti
2. tentu saja
3. tentunya
4. memang
5. niscaya
6. bertentu-tentu
7. mesti
cer·tain·ly (sûrtn-l)
adv.
1. Undoubtedly; definitely: This is certainly not my writing.
2. By all means; of course: You may certainly join us.
3. Surely: They certainly are hard workers.

MAXIMUM MUMET Tak pelajari dulu mas:D kalo perhaps ma maybe kan artinya "mungkin" terus digunakan kapan?

tiga ciduk wrote:

MAXIMUM MUMET Tak pelajari dulu mas:D kalo perhaps ma maybe kan artinya "mungkin" terus digunakan kapan?

kasus yang menarik
: : kapan menggunakan "Perhaps" and "maybe", dapatkan mereka saling menggantikan?

: mereka hampir taktergantikan ( almost interchangeable). (There are scholars who insist English has no exact synonyms. None.)

anak-anak lebih suka menggunakan kata Maybe, kecil kemungkinananya mereka menggunakan kata Perhaps, mungkin karena akar kata ( the root words ) May Be lebih mudah dijangkau, intuitive, and bersifat segera. Maybe mungkin kata yang lebih sederhana.

To put the same point differently: "Perhaps" bersifat lebih formal dan "maybe" lebih bersifat santai--but the difference in tone is smaller than the difference between, say, "deceased" and "pushing up daisies." "Perhaps" lebih umum dipakai pada tulisan akademis. "Maybe" lebih umum dipakai dalam konteks percakapan

Your Question is cool , ciduk!!

I don't see "perhaps" in this site's definition of maybe.

may·be (mb)
adv.
Perhaps; possibly.
n. Informal
1. An uncertainty: There are so many maybes involved in playing the stock market.
2. An uncertain reply: It's better to receive a fast and honest no than a drawn-out maybe.

But, look at "perhaps" and there is "maybe".

per·haps (pr-hps)
adv.
Maybe; possibly.


wheth·er (hwr, w-)
conj.
1. Used in indirect questions to introduce one alternative: We should find out whether the museum is open. See Usage Notes at doubt, if.
2. Used to introduce alternative possibilities: Whether she wins or whether she loses, this is her last tournament.
3. Either: He passed the test, whether by skill or luck.
pron. Archaic
Which: "We came in full View of a great Island or Continent, (for we knew not whether)" (Jonathan Swift).
Idiom:

Regardless of circumstances.

ei·ther (r, r)
pron.
The one or the other: Which movie do you want to see? Either will be fine.
conj.
Used before the first of two or more coordinates or clauses linked by or: Either we go now or we remain here forever.
adj.
1. Any one of two; one or the other: Wear either coat.
2. One and the other; each: rings on either hand.
adv.
Likewise; also. Used as an intensive following negative statements: If you don't order a dessert, I won't either.

"Whether" or not, "maybe" these definitions can help.

http://forum.thefreedictionary.com/postst2416_maybe-perhaps-is-better-than-maybe--.aspx
http://forum.wordreference.com/showthread.php?t=1067557

maybe / perhaps

In British English both of these adverbs are still very commonly used and have the same meaning. You use them to say that something is possible or may be true, but you are not certain.

They can be used interchangeably but of the two, maybe is very appropriate for more informal contexts and perhaps is used in more formal situations. Compare the following:

* I can't find it anywhere. ~ Perhaps / Maybe you threw it away.
* How old is Jane? ~ I don't really know. In her twenties, certainly. Twenty-five, maybe.
* There were perhaps as many as fifty badly wounded soldiers in the hospital.
* Perhaps I should explain to you how they came to be there.
* St Paul's Cathedral is perhaps one of London's most prominent landmarks.
* Why don't you join us for the New Year celebrations? ~ Yeah, perhaps / maybe I will.
* Maybe you are right! Perhaps it would be best if you didn't invite Johnnie

Note that perhaps is pronounced 'praps'. Note also from the above illustrations that perhaps and maybe can be used to refer to past, present or future events.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/learnit/learnitv162.shtml

tak pelajari dulu, thinking mode on

tiga ciduk wrote:

tak pelajari dulu, thinking mode on

SILAHKAN THINKING MODE ON ,CIDUK

Pak Fay wrote:

tiga ciduk wrote:

tak pelajari dulu, thinking mode on

SILAHKAN THINKING MODE ON ,CIDUK

kasih tips dan trik dong mas, langkah2 biar gampang ngapalin past tense, past perfect, present dan bla bla bla